What Causes Autism?
Although these is no single specific cause of Autism, current research links Autism to biological and neurological differences in the brain, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans show abnormalities in the structure and function of the brain and frontal lobe. In some families, there appears to be a pattern of Autism or related disabilities which suggests there may be a genetic basis to this disorder.
Several older theories about the cause of Autism have now been proven false. Autism is not a mental illness or caused by bad parenting. Furthermore, no known psychological factors in the development of the individual have been shown to cause Autism.
How is Autism Diagnosed?
There are no medical tests for diagnosing Autism. Many professionals utilize a medical diagnostic reference, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual now in its fifth edition (DSM-5) to diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism typically appears by age 3, though diagnosis and intervention can and should begin earlier. In order to be diagnosed accurately, an individual must be observed by professionals skilled in determining communication, behavioral, and developmental levels. Ideally, an individual should be evaluated by a multidisciplinary team which may include a neurologist, psychologist, developmental pediatrician, speech/language pathologist, occupational therapist, education consultant, or other professional knowledgeable about Autism.
However, because many of the behaviors associated with Autism are shared by other disorders, a doctor may complete various medical tests to rule out other possible causes. A brief observation in a single setting cannot present a true picture of an individual's abilities and behavior patterns. At first glance, the person with Autism may appear to have mental retardation, a learning disability, or problems with hearing. However, it is important to distinguish Autism from other conditions, since an accurate diagnosis can provide the basis for building an appropriate and effective educational, vocational, and treatment program.